Effects of a 2-year early childhood vitamin D3 intervention on tooth enamel and oral health at age 6–7 years
Arponen, Heidi; Waltimo-Sirén, Janna; Hauta-alus, Helena H.; Tuhkiainen, Mikaela; Sorsa, Timo; Tervahartiala, Taina; Andersson, Sture; Mäkitie, Outi; Holmlund-Suila, Elisa (2022-12-06)
Heidi Arponen, Janna Waltimo-Sirén, Helena H. Hauta-alus, Mikaela Tuhkiainen, Timo Sorsa, Taina Tervahartiala, Sture Andersson, Outi Mäkitie, Elisa Holmlund-Suila; Effects of a 2-Year Early Childhood Vitamin D3 Intervention on Tooth Enamel and Oral Health at Age 6–7 Years. Horm Res Paediatr 28 August 2023; 96 (4): 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1159/000528536
© 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe20231017140439
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a 30 µg/day versus 10 µg/day vitamin D supplementation, given during the two first years of life, on oral health at the age of six to 7 years.
Methods: In 2013–2016, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial from age 2 weeks to 2 years of daily vitamin D3 supplementation (10 vs. 30 µg), including 975 healthy infants. For the present follow-up study at age 6–7 years, a sample of 123 children underwent oral examination by investigators blinded to the intervention group. Tooth enamel defect and caries findings, oral rinse active matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels, and tooth eruption were recorded. The intervention groups were compared with χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests. Associations of the oral health outcomes were evaluated with correlation analysis and logistic regression.
Results: Of the children (median age 7.4 years, 51% boys), 56% belonged to the 30 µg intervention group. Developmental defect of enamel (DDE) was found in 39% of the children in the 10 µg intervention group and in 53% of the 30 µg group (p = 0.104). In total, 94% of children were vitamin D sufficient (25[OH]D ≥50 nmol/L) and 88% had caries-free teeth. No associations were found between vitamin D intervention group in infancy and oral health or the presence of DDE.
Conclusion: Daily supplementation with 10 µg vitamin D3 in the Northern Hemisphere seems adequate in healthy children younger than 2 years in ensuring good oral health at early school age.
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