Transgenerational effects of insecticides - implications for rapid pest evolution in agroecosystems
Brevik, K., Lindström, L., McKay, S. D., & Chen, Y. H. (2018). Transgenerational effects of insecticides - implications for rapid pest evolution in agroecosystems. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 26, 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2017.12.007
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© 2018 Elsevier Inc. This is a final draft version of an article whose final and definitive form has been published by Elsevier Inc. Published in this repository with the kind permission of the publisher.
Although pesticides are a major selective force in driving the evolution of insect pests, the evolutionary processes that give rise to insecticide resistance remain poorly understood. Insecticide resistance has been widely observed to increase with frequent and intense insecticide exposure, but can be lost following the relaxation of insecticide use. One possible but rarely explored explanation is that insecticide resistance may be associated with epigenetic modifications, which influence the patterning of gene expression without changing underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small RNAs have been observed to be heritable in arthropods, but their role in the context of rapid evolution of insecticide resistance remain poorly understood. Here, we discuss evidence supporting how: firstly, insecticide-induced effects can be transgenerationally inherited; secondly, epigenetic modifications are heritable; and thirdly, epigenetic modifications are responsive to pesticide and xenobiotic stress. Therefore, pesticides may drive the evolution of resistance via epigenetic processes. Moreover, insect pests primed by pesticides may be more tolerant of other stress, further enhancing their success in adapting to agroecosystems. Resolving the role of epigenetic modifications in the rapid evolution of insect pests has the potential to lead to new approaches for integrated pest management as well as improve our understanding of how anthropogenic stress may drive the evolution of insect pests.
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We thank the contributors to the 25th International Congress of Entomology Symposium on ‘Rapid Evolution of Insect Pests in Agroecosystems’ for their insightful comments. We acknowledge a UVM REACH grant and a UVM Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch grant (VT-H02010) grant to YHC and SDM. L Lindstrom thanks the ASLA-Fulbright Research Grant for a Senior Scholar and Academy of Finland grant no. 308302. ...Related items
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