Cost-efficiency and beneficial effects of the process to recover lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose with deep eutectic solvent
Oyinloye, Femi Adesola (2020)
Diplomityö
Oyinloye, Femi Adesola
2020
School of Engineering Science, Kemiantekniikka
Kaikki oikeudet pidätetään.
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2020071747445
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2020071747445
Tiivistelmä
The processes in lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose fractionation demand different chemicals, solvents, and equipment, which leads in absolute differences in their cost of production. In this research study cost-efficiency and the beneficial effects based on the DES fractionation process in separating lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose were investigated and analysed.
For efficiently analysing of cost-efficiency, additional processes such as the sulphite process, Kraft process, and a process based on the use of ionic liquids (ILs) were studied. The CAPEX and OPEX data in fractionating lignocellulosic through pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) was obtained from one industry in Finland. In addition, processes based on the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were under examination and in them the use of four different DESs were evaluated in cost-efficiency analysis, which are ChCl:MA, ChCl:OXA, ChCl:Phenol and ChCl:LA, while ChCl:LA was utilized as a case study because it has been performed in the chemistry lab at LUT.
The Chemical Engineering cost index (CECI) was followed in analysing CAPEX and OPEX for the fractionation of biomass based on the processes mentioned above. The design production capacity of lignin based on 220000 t/y was used and the estimated CAPEX and OPEX for DES (ChCl:LA) concept held as 131M€ and 105M€ respectively, while CAPEX and OPEX for Kraft are 111M€ and 93M€, and ILS is 145M€ and 122M€ for CAPEX and OPEX respectively.
In Addition, PHWE process is 115M€ for CAPEX and 88M€ for the OPEX, while DES (ChCl:OXA) concept are 105M€ and 83M€ for CAPEX and OPEX respectively. Revenue was analysed based on the yield output with a global lignin price of 6500 €/tonne for the Kraft process and DES (ChCl:LA) concept, while their revenue is 325M€ and 546M€ respectively.
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method used for analysing cost efficiency, due to less prone to an error and required no further mathematics analysis, the SWOT analysis result showed several feasibilities for the DES fractionation process above the other fractionation methods such as sulfur-free. Based on the outcome of this research, the DES fractionation process can be more cost-efficient if the DES can be directly integrated into the existing pulp mills or upgraded to large or industrial scale.
For efficiently analysing of cost-efficiency, additional processes such as the sulphite process, Kraft process, and a process based on the use of ionic liquids (ILs) were studied. The CAPEX and OPEX data in fractionating lignocellulosic through pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) was obtained from one industry in Finland. In addition, processes based on the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were under examination and in them the use of four different DESs were evaluated in cost-efficiency analysis, which are ChCl:MA, ChCl:OXA, ChCl:Phenol and ChCl:LA, while ChCl:LA was utilized as a case study because it has been performed in the chemistry lab at LUT.
The Chemical Engineering cost index (CECI) was followed in analysing CAPEX and OPEX for the fractionation of biomass based on the processes mentioned above. The design production capacity of lignin based on 220000 t/y was used and the estimated CAPEX and OPEX for DES (ChCl:LA) concept held as 131M€ and 105M€ respectively, while CAPEX and OPEX for Kraft are 111M€ and 93M€, and ILS is 145M€ and 122M€ for CAPEX and OPEX respectively.
In Addition, PHWE process is 115M€ for CAPEX and 88M€ for the OPEX, while DES (ChCl:OXA) concept are 105M€ and 83M€ for CAPEX and OPEX respectively. Revenue was analysed based on the yield output with a global lignin price of 6500 €/tonne for the Kraft process and DES (ChCl:LA) concept, while their revenue is 325M€ and 546M€ respectively.
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method used for analysing cost efficiency, due to less prone to an error and required no further mathematics analysis, the SWOT analysis result showed several feasibilities for the DES fractionation process above the other fractionation methods such as sulfur-free. Based on the outcome of this research, the DES fractionation process can be more cost-efficient if the DES can be directly integrated into the existing pulp mills or upgraded to large or industrial scale.