Longitudinal physical activity patterns and the development of cardiometabolic risk factors during adolescence
Aira, Tuula; Kokko, Sami Petteri; Heinonen, Olli Juhani; Korpelainen, Raija; Kotkajuuri, Jimi; Parkkari, Jari; Savonen, Kai; Toivo, Kerttu; Uusitalo, Arja; Valtonen, Maarit; Villberg, Jari; Niemelä, Onni; Vähä-Ypyä, Henri; Vasankari, Tommi (2023-08-07)
Aira, T, Kokko, SP, Heinonen, OJ, et al. Longitudinal physical activity patterns and the development of cardiometabolic risk factors during adolescence. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2023; 33: 1807-1820. doi:10.1111/sms.14415
© 2023 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe20231006138990
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the associations between longitudinal physical activity (PA) patterns and the development of cardiometabolic risk factors from adolescence to young adulthood.
Methods: This cohort study encompassed 250 participants recruited from sports clubs and schools, and examined at mean age 15 and 19. Device-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA was grouped into five patterns (via a data-driven method, using inactivity maintainers as a reference). The outcomes were: glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI). Linear growth curve models were applied with adjustment for sex, age, fruit/vegetable consumption, cigarette/snuff use, and change in the device wear-time.
Results: Insulin and BMI increased among decreasers from moderate to low PA (β for insulin 0.23, 95% CI 0.03–0.46; β for BMI 0.90; CI 0.02–1.78). The concentration of HDL cholesterol decreased (β −0.18, CI −0.31 to −0.05) and that of glucose increased (β 0.18, CI 0.02–0.35) among decreasers from high to moderate PA. By contrast, among increasers, blood pressure declined (systolic β −6.43, CI −12.16 to −0.70; diastolic β −6.72, CI −11.03 to −2.41).
Conclusions: Already during the transition to young adulthood, changes in PA are associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Favorable blood pressure changes were found among PA increasers. Unfavorable changes in BMI, insulin, glucose, and HDL cholesterol were found in groups with decreasing PA. The changes were dependent on the baseline PA and the magnitude of the PA decline.
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