RiTiCE : River flow Timing Characteristics and Extremes in the Arctic region
Jalali Shahrood, Abolfazl; Ahrari, Amirhossein; Rossi, Pekka M.; Klöve, Björn; Torabi Haghighi, Ali (2023-02-23)
Jalali Shahrood A, Ahrari A, Rossi PM, Klöve B, Torabi Haghighi A. RiTiCE: River Flow Timing Characteristics and Extremes in the Arctic Region. Water. 2023; 15(5):861. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050861
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe20230925136318
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
(1) Background: river ice has a significant impact on nearly 66% of rivers in the Northern Hemisphere. Ice builds up during winter when the flow gradually reduces to its lowest level before the spring melt is initiated. Ice-induced floods can happen quickly, posing a risk to infrastructure, hydropower generation, and public safety, in addition to ecological repercussions from the scouring and erosion of the riverbeds.
(2) Methods: we used the annual daily hydrograph to develop a RiTiCE tool that detects the break-up date and develops indices to analyze timing characteristics of extreme flow in the Tana and Tornio Rivers.
(3) Results: the study showed that low-flow periods in two rivers had a significant trend with a confidence level of 95%. Additionally, it was observed that the occurrence date of seasonal 90-day low- and high-flow periods occurred earlier in recent years. Conversely, the Tana River showed a negative trend in its annual minimum flow over the century, which is the opposite of what happened with the Tornio River.
(4) Conclusions: the method can be used to detect the date when the river ice breaks up in a given year, leading to a better understanding of the river ice phenomenon.
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