Revealing the kinetics of non-metallic inclusion reactions in steel using in-situ high temperature environmental scanning electron microscopy
Alatarvas, Tuomas; Podor, Renaud; Heikkinen, Eetu-Pekka; Shu, Qifeng; Singh, Harishchandra (2023-07-20)
Tuomas Alatarvas, Renaud Podor, Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen, Qifeng Shu, Harishchandra Singh, Revealing the kinetics of non-metallic inclusion reactions in steel using in-situ high temperature environmental scanning electron microscopy, Materials & Design, Volume 232, 2023, 112139, ISSN 0264-1275, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112139
© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2023080894287
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
The kinetics of solid-state reactions involving non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) in steel is a topic of growing interest due to the need to understand the effects of heat treatments on NMI composition and stability. In this study, a High Temperature Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (HT-ESEM) is utilized to conduct in-situ observations of various types of NMIs, including calcium aluminate complex, CaS, MgAl₂O₄-CaS, MnS, and TiN, in steels at temperatures of 800 °C and 900 °C for different holding times. The observed morphological variations in the NMIs indicate a decrease in the fractions of CaS and MnS, promoting void formation and ferrite–austenite phase transformation. To estimate the NMI reactions with the residual atmosphere in the sample chamber during experiments, HT-ESEM-driven thermodynamic calculations have been performed using FactSage 8.2 software. These calculations provide valuable insights into the interpretation of the experimental data, facilitating a better understanding of the complex NMI reactions in steel.
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