MIMO evolution beyond 5G through reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and fluid antenna systems
Shojaeifard, Arman; Wong, Kai-Kit; Tong, Kin-Fai; Chu, Zhiyuan; Mourad, Alain; Haghighat, Afshin; Hemadeh, Ibrahim; Nguyen, Nhan Thanh; Tapio, Visa; Juntti, Markku (2022-05-06)
A. Shojaeifard et al., "MIMO Evolution Beyond 5G Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces and Fluid Antenna Systems," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 110, no. 9, pp. 1244-1265, Sept. 2022, doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2022.3170247
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022100661285
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Abstract
With massive deployment, multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) systems continue to take mobile communications to new heights, but the ever-increasing demands mean that there is a need to look beyond MIMO and pursue the next disruptive wireless technologies. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is widely considered a key candidate technology block to provide the next generational leap. The first part of this article provides an updated overview of the conventional reflection-based RIS technology, which complements the existing literature to include active and semiactive RIS, and the synergies with cell-free massive MIMO (CF mMIMO). Then, we widen the scope to discuss the surface-wave-assisted RIS that represents a different design dimension in utilizing metasurface technologies. This goes beyond being a passive reflector and can use the surface as an intelligent propagation medium for superb radio propagation efficiency. The third part of this article turns the attention to the fluid antenna, a novel antenna technology that enables a diverse form of reconfigurability that can combine with RIS for ultrahigh capacity, power efficiency, and scalability. This article concludes with a discussion of the potential synergies that can be exploited between MIMO, RIS, and fluid antennas.
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