Overlooked cryptic diversity in <em>Muschampia</em> (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) adds two species to the European butterfly fauna
Hinojosa, Joan C.; Dapporto, Leonardo; Brockmann, Ernst; Dincă, Vlad; Tikhonov, Valentin; Grishin, Nick; Lukhtanov, Vladimir A.; Vila, Roger (2021-01-08)
Joan C Hinojosa, Leonardo Dapporto, Ernst Brockmann, Vlad Dincă, Valentin Tikhonov, Nick Grishin, Vladimir A Lukhtanov, Roger Vila, Overlooked cryptic diversity in Muschampia (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) adds two species to the European butterfly fauna, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 193, Issue 3, November 2021, Pages 847–859, https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa171
© 2021 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2021, 193, 847–859. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Joan C Hinojosa, Leonardo Dapporto, Ernst Brockmann, Vlad Dincă, Valentin Tikhonov, Nick Grishin, Vladimir A Lukhtanov, Roger Vila, Overlooked cryptic diversity in Muschampia (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) adds two species to the European butterfly fauna, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 193, Issue 3, November 2021, Pages 847–859, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa171. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022030922698
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Cryptic species represent a challenge for documenting global biodiversity. Even in well-studied groups, such as European butterflies, the application of integrative approaches has allowed the recognition of an unexpected number of cryptic taxa. Here, we combine the analysis of mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase I, COI) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer 2, ITS2) markers with geometric morphometrics of the male genitalia to study diversity within the butterfly Muschampia proto. The nuclear marker reveals three well-supported and deeply diverged lineages, which are also detected based on mitochondrial DNA, although the latter recovers one of them as paraphyletic with poor support. These lineages also present distinct male genital characters, which allow blind assignment of > 97% of specimens when applying a jackknife procedure. We conclude that M. proto comprises three cryptic species that started to differentiate ~2 Mya: M. proto, distributed in northern Africa, the Iberian Peninsula and southern France; Muschampia alta comb. & stat. nov., occurring in southern Italy and the Balkan Peninsula; and Muschampia proteides, present in the easternmost part of Europe, the Near East and Iran. This discovery adds two new species to the European butterfly fauna and highlights the necessity to continue investigating potential cryptic diversity.
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