Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients
Valtonen, Rasmus I. P.; Hintsala, Heidi H. E.; Kiviniemi, Antti; Kenttä, Tuomas; Crandall, Craig; van Marken Lichtenbelt, Wouter; Perkiömäki, Juha; Hautala, Arto; Jaakkola, Jouni J. K.; Ikäheimo, Tiina M. (2021-10-16)
Valtonen, R.I.P., Hintsala, H.H.E., Kiviniemi, A. et al. Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients. Eur J Appl Physiol 122, 223–232 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04826-x
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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022030722203
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Purpose: Upper-body exercise performed in a cold environment may increase cardiovascular strain, which could be detrimental to patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study compared cardiovascular responses of CAD patients during graded upper-body dynamic and static exercise in cold and neutral environments.
Methods: 20 patients with stable CAD performed 30 min of progressive dynamic (light, moderate, and heavy rating of perceived exertion) and static (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction) upper body exercise in cold (− 15 °C) and neutral (+ 22 °C) environments. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiographic (ECG) responses were recorded and rate pressure product (RPP) calculated.
Results: Dynamic-graded upper-body exercise in the cold increased HR by 2.3–4.8% (p = 0.002–0.040), MAP by 3.9–5.9% (p = 0.038–0.454) and RPP by 18.1–24.4% (p = 0.002–0.020) when compared to the neutral environment. Static graded upper-body exercise in the cold resulted in higher MAP (6.3–9.1%; p = 0.000–0.014), lower HR (4.1–7.2%; p = 0.009–0.033), but unaltered RPP compared to a neutral environment. Heavy dynamic exercise resulted in ST depression that was not related to temperature. Otherwise, ECG was largely unaltered during exercise in either thermal condition.
Conclusions: Dynamic- and static-graded upper-body exercise in the cold involves higher cardiovascular strain compared with a neutral environment among patients with stable CAD. However, no marked changes in electric cardiac function were observed. The results support the use of upper-body exercise in the cold in patients with stable CAD.
Trial registration: Clinical trial registration NCT02855905 August 2016.
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