Consumption of differently processed milk products and the risk of asthma in children
Koivusaari, Katariina; Syrjälä, Essi; Niinistö, Sari; Ahonen, Suvi; Åkerlund, Mari; Korhonen, Tuuli E.; Toppari, Jorma; Ilonen, Jorma; Kaila, Minna; Knip, Mikael; Alatossava, Tapani; Veijola, Riitta; Virtanen, Suvi M. (2021-12-31)
Koivusaari, K, Syrjälä, E, Niinistö, S, et al. Consumption of differently processed milk products and the risk of asthma in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021; 33:e13659. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.13659
© 2021 The Authors. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022030722148
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Background: Consumption of unprocessed cow’s milk has been associated with a lower risk of childhood asthma and/or atopy. Not much is known about differently processed milk products. We aimed to study the association between the consumption of differently processed milk products and asthma risk in a Finnish birth cohort.
Methods: We included 3053 children from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Nutrition Study. Asthma and its subtypes were assessed at the age of 5 years, and food consumption by food records, at the age of 3 and 6 months and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. We used conventional and processing (heat treatment and homogenization)-based classifications for milk products. The data were analyzed using a joint model for longitudinal and time-to-event data.
Results: At the age of 5 years, 184 (6.0%) children had asthma, of whom 101 (54.9%) were atopic, 75 (40.8%) were nonatopic, and eight (4.3%) could not be categorized. Consumption of infant formulas [adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) 1.15 (1.07, 1.23), p < 0.001] and strongly heat-treated milk products [1.06 (1.01, 1.10), p = 0.01] was associated with the risk of all asthma. Consumption of all cow’s milk products [1.09 (1.03, 1.15), p = 0.003], nonfermented milk products [1.08 (1.02, 1.14), p = 0.008], infant formulas [1.23 (1.13, 1.34), p < 0.001], and strongly heat-treated milk products [1.08 (1.02, 1.15), p = 0.006] was associated with nonatopic asthma risk. All these associations remained statistically significant after multiple testing correction.
Conclusions: High consumption of infant formula and other strongly heat-treated milk products may be associated with the development of asthma.
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