Biological sulfate removal with low-cost carbon sources using cold-acclimated bacteria
Virpiranta, Hanna; Taskila, Sanna; Leiviskä, Tiina; Vepsäläinen, Jouko; Rämö, Jaakko; Tanskanen, Juha (2021-09-13)
Hanna Virpiranta, Sanna Taskila, Tiina Leiviskä, Jouko Vepsäläinen, Jaakko Rämö, Juha Tanskanen; Biological sulfate removal with low-cost carbon sources using cold-acclimated bacteria. Journal of Water and Climate Change 1 December 2021; 12 (8): 3544–3557. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2021.350
© 2021 The Authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits copying, adaptation and redistribution, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021121761359
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to develop a cost-efficient biological method for the removal of sulfate from mining effluents in cold conditions. A consortium of cold-tolerant sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was tested at 6 °C regarding the utilization of economically viable, low-cost carbon sources, i.e., whey, conditioned sewage sludge, and peat, in the removal of sulfate from synthetic mining water. Succinate was used as a reference carbon source. Of all the studied low-cost carbon sources, conditioned sewage sludge proved to be the most efficient. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that sewage sludge contained propionic acid, which proved to be utilizable by SRB under cold conditions. Peat both adsorbed the sulfate and acted as a nutrient source in the sulfate reduction process. When whey was used as a carbon source, only a slight decrease in sulfate concentration was detected. Succinate was found to work in a truly predictable and efficient way as a carbon source in biological sulfate reduction, even at the lowest concentration tested. The use of conditioned sewage sludge increased the bacterial diversity in liquid cultivations significantly. However, the number of SRB was highest in the succinate cultivations.
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