The effects of vitamin D supplementation during infancy on growth during the first 2 years of life
Hauta-alus, Helena H.; Holmlund-Suila, Elisa M.; Kajantie, Eero; Rosendahl, Jenni; Valkama, Saara M.; Enlund-Cerullo, Maria; Andersson, Sture; Mäkitie, Outi (2020-12-21)
Helena H Hauta-alus, Elisa M Holmlund-Suila, Eero Kajantie, Jenni Rosendahl, Saara M Valkama, Maria Enlund-Cerullo, Sture Andersson, Outi Mäkitie, The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation During Infancy on Growth During the First 2 Years of Life, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 106, Issue 3, March 2021, Pages e1140–e1155, https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa943
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model). The final authenticated version is available online at https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa943.
https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021090144951
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Context: The relationship between maternal and infant vitamin D and early childhood growth remains inadequately understood.
Objective: This work aimed to investigate how maternal and child 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and vitamin D supplementation affect growth during the first 2 years of life.
Methods: A randomized, double-blinded, single-center intervention study was conducted from pregnancy until offspring age 2 years. Altogether 812 term-born children with complete data were recruited at a maternity hospital. Children received daily vitamin D₃ supplementation of 10 μg (group 10) or 30 μg (group 30) from age 2 weeks to 2 years. Anthropometry and growth rate were measured at age 1 and 2 years.
Results: Toddlers born to mothers with pregnancy 25(OH)D greater than 125 nmol/L were at 2 years lighter and thinner than the reference group with 25(OH)D of 50 to 74.9 nmol/L (P < .010). Mean 2-year 25(OH)D concentrations were 87 nmol/L in group 10 and 118 nmol/L in group 30 (P < .001). When group 30 was compared with group 10, difference in body size was not statistically significant (P > .053), but group 30 had slower growth in length and head circumference between 6 months and 1 year (P < .047), and more rapid growth in weight and length-adjusted weight between 1 and 2 years (P < .043). Toddlers in the highest quartile of 25(OH)D (> 121 nmol/L) were shorter (mean difference 0.2 SD score [SDS], P = .021), lighter (mean difference 0.4 SDS, P = .001), and thinner (in length-adjusted weight) (mean difference 0.4 SDS, P = .003) compared with the lowest quartile (< 81.2 nmol/L).
Conclusions: Vitamin D and early childhood growth may have an inverse U-shaped relationship.
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