Gas phase synthesis of isopropyl chloride from isopropanol and HCl over alumina and flexible 3-D carbon foam supported catalysts
Bukhanko, Natalia; Schwarz, Christopher; Samikannu, Ajaikumar; Pham, Tung Ngoc; Siljebo, William; Wärnå, Johan; Shchukarev, Andrey; Rautio, Anne-Riikka; Kordás, Krisztian; Mikkola, Jyri-Pekka (2017-07-25)
Natalia Bukhanko, Christopher Schwarz, Ajaikumar Samikannu, Tung Ngoc Pham, William Siljebo, Johan Wärnå, Andrey Shchukarev, Anne-Riikka Rautio, Krisztian Kordás, Jyri-Pekka Mikkola, Gas phase synthesis of isopropyl chloride from isopropanol and HCl over alumina and flexible 3-D carbon foam supported catalysts, Applied Catalysis A: General, Volume 542, 2017, Pages 212-225, ISSN 0926-860X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2017.05.013
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2019052016077
Tiivistelmä
Abstract
Isopropyl chloride synthesis from isopropanol and HCl in gas phase over ZnCl₂ catalysts supported on Al₂O₃ as well as flexible carbon foam was studied in a continuous reactor. A series of catalytic materials were synthesised and characterised by BET, XPS, SEM, TEM, XRD and NH₃-TPD methods. Catalytic activity tests (product selectivity and conversion of reactants) were performed for all materials and optimal reaction conditions (temperature and feedstock flow rates) were found. The results indicate that the highest yield of isopropyl chloride was obtained over 5 wt.% ZnCl₂ on commercial Al₂O₃ (No. II) (95.3%). Determination of product mixture compositions and by-product identification were done using a GC-MS method. Carbon foam variant catalyst, 5 wt.% ZnCl₂/C, was found to perform best out of the carbon-supported materials, achieving ∼75% yield of isopropyl chloride. The kinetic model describing the process in a continuous packed bed reactor was proposed and kinetic parameters were calculated. The activation energy for the formation of isopropyl chloride reaction directly from isopropanol and HCl was found to be ∼58 kJ/mol.
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