Rapid growth of new atmospheric particles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation
Wang, Mingyi; Kong, Weimeng; Marten, Ruby; He, Xu Cheng; Chen, Dexian; Pfeifer, Joschka; Heitto, Arto; Kontkanen, Jenni; Dada, Lubna; Kürten, Andreas; Yli-Juuti, Taina; Manninen, Hanna E.; Amanatidis, Stavros; Amorim, António; Baalbaki, Rima; Baccarini, Andrea; Bell, David M.; Bertozzi, Barbara; Bräkling, Steffen; Brilke, Sophia; Murillo, Lucía Caudillo; Chiu, Randall; Chu, Biwu; De Menezes, Louis Philippe; Duplissy, Jonathan; Finkenzeller, Henning; Carracedo, Loic Gonzalez; Granzin, Manuel; Guida, Roberto; Hansel, Armin; Hofbauer, Victoria; Krechmer, Jordan; Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Lamkaddam, Houssni; Lampimäki, Markus; Lee, Chuan Ping; Makhmutov, Vladimir; Marie, Guillaume; Mathot, Serge; Mauldin, Roy L.; Mentler, Bernhard; Müller, Tatjana; Onnela, Antti; Partoll, Eva; Petäjä, Tuukka; Philippov, Maxim; Pospisilova, Veronika; Ranjithkumar, Ananth; Rissanen, Matti; Rörup, Birte; Scholz, Wiebke; Shen, Jiali; Simon, Mario; Sipilä, Mikko; Steiner, Gerhard; Stolzenburg, Dominik; Tham, Yee Jun; Tomé, António; Wagner, Andrea C.; Wang, Dongyu S.; Wang, Yonghong; Weber, Stefan K.; Winkler, Paul M.; Wlasits, Peter J.; Wu, Yusheng; Xiao, Mao; Ye, Qing; Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel; Zhou, Xueqin; Volkamer, Rainer; Riipinen, Ilona; Dommen, Josef; Curtius, Joachim; Baltensperger, Urs; Kulmala, Markku; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Kirkby, Jasper; Seinfeld, John H.; El-Haddad, Imad; Flagan, Richard C.; Donahue, Neil M. (2020-05-14)
Wang, Mingyi
Kong, Weimeng
Marten, Ruby
He, Xu Cheng
Chen, Dexian
Pfeifer, Joschka
Heitto, Arto
Kontkanen, Jenni
Dada, Lubna
Kürten, Andreas
Yli-Juuti, Taina
Manninen, Hanna E.
Amanatidis, Stavros
Amorim, António
Baalbaki, Rima
Baccarini, Andrea
Bell, David M.
Bertozzi, Barbara
Bräkling, Steffen
Brilke, Sophia
Murillo, Lucía Caudillo
Chiu, Randall
Chu, Biwu
De Menezes, Louis Philippe
Duplissy, Jonathan
Finkenzeller, Henning
Carracedo, Loic Gonzalez
Granzin, Manuel
Guida, Roberto
Hansel, Armin
Hofbauer, Victoria
Krechmer, Jordan
Lehtipalo, Katrianne
Lamkaddam, Houssni
Lampimäki, Markus
Lee, Chuan Ping
Makhmutov, Vladimir
Marie, Guillaume
Mathot, Serge
Mauldin, Roy L.
Mentler, Bernhard
Müller, Tatjana
Onnela, Antti
Partoll, Eva
Petäjä, Tuukka
Philippov, Maxim
Pospisilova, Veronika
Ranjithkumar, Ananth
Rissanen, Matti
Rörup, Birte
Scholz, Wiebke
Shen, Jiali
Simon, Mario
Sipilä, Mikko
Steiner, Gerhard
Stolzenburg, Dominik
Tham, Yee Jun
Tomé, António
Wagner, Andrea C.
Wang, Dongyu S.
Wang, Yonghong
Weber, Stefan K.
Winkler, Paul M.
Wlasits, Peter J.
Wu, Yusheng
Xiao, Mao
Ye, Qing
Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel
Zhou, Xueqin
Volkamer, Rainer
Riipinen, Ilona
Dommen, Josef
Curtius, Joachim
Baltensperger, Urs
Kulmala, Markku
Worsnop, Douglas R.
Kirkby, Jasper
Seinfeld, John H.
El-Haddad, Imad
Flagan, Richard C.
Donahue, Neil M.
14.05.2020
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202007076344
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202007076344
Kuvaus
Peer reviewed
Tiivistelmä
A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper New-particle formation is a major contributor to urban smog1,2, but how it occurs in cities is often puzzling3. If the growth rates of urban particles are similar to those found in cleaner environments (1–10 nanometres per hour), then existing understanding suggests that new urban particles should be rapidly scavenged by the high concentration of pre-existing particles. Here we show, through experiments performed under atmospheric conditions in the CLOUD chamber at CERN, that below about +5 degrees Celsius, nitric acid and ammonia vapours can condense onto freshly nucleated particles as small as a few nanometres in diameter. Moreover, when it is cold enough (below −15 degrees Celsius), nitric acid and ammonia can nucleate directly through an acid–base stabilization mechanism to form ammonium nitrate particles. Given that these vapours are often one thousand times more abundant than sulfuric acid, the resulting particle growth rates can be extremely high, reaching well above 100 nanometres per hour. However, these high growth rates require the gas-particle ammonium nitrate system to be out of equilibrium in order to sustain gas-phase supersaturations. In view of the strong temperature dependence that we measure for the gas-phase supersaturations, we expect such transient conditions to occur in inhomogeneous urban settings, especially in wintertime, driven by vertical mixing and by strong local sources such as traffic. Even though rapid growth from nitric acid and ammonia condensation may last for only a few minutes, it is nonetheless fast enough to shepherd freshly nucleated particles through the smallest size range where they are most vulnerable to scavenging loss, thus greatly increasing their survival probability. We also expect nitric acid and ammonia nucleation and rapid growth to be important in the relatively clean and cold upper free troposphere, where ammonia can be convected from the continental boundary layer and nitric acid is abundant from electrical storms4,5.
Kokoelmat
- TUNICRIS-julkaisut [17001]