An Overview on Blockchain for Smartphones: State-of-the-Art, Consensus, Implementation, Challenges and Future Trends
Ometov, Aleksandr; Bardinova, Yulia; Afanasyeva, Alexandra; Masek, Pavel; Zhidanov, Konstantin; Vanurin, Sergey; Sayfullin, Mikhail; Shubina, Viktoriia; Komarov, Mikhail; Bezzateev, Sergey (2020-06-01)
Ometov, Aleksandr
Bardinova, Yulia
Afanasyeva, Alexandra
Masek, Pavel
Zhidanov, Konstantin
Vanurin, Sergey
Sayfullin, Mikhail
Shubina, Viktoriia
Komarov, Mikhail
Bezzateev, Sergey
01.06.2020
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202007016291
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202007016291
Kuvaus
Peer reviewed
Tiivistelmä
The blockchain technology is currently penetrating different areas of the modern Information and Communications Technology community. Most of the devices involved in blockchain-related processes are specially designed targeting only the mining aspect, i.e., solving the computational puzzle task. At the same time, the use of wearable and mobile devices may also become a part of eCommerce blockchain operation, especially during the on-charge time. The paper considers the possibility of using a large number of constrained devices to support the operation of the blockchain with a low impact on battery consumption. The utilization of such devices is expected to improve the system efficiency as well as to attract a more substantial number of users. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge with a survey of the main applications of blockchain for smartphones along with existing mobile blockchain projects. It also proposes a novel consensus protocol based on a combination of Proof-of-Work (PoW), Proof-of-Activity (PoA), and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) algorithms for efficient and on-the-fly utilization on resource-constrained devices. The system was deployed in a worldwide testnet with more than two thousand smartphones and compared with other projects from the user-experienced metrics perspective. The results prove that the utilization of PoA systems on a smartphone does not significantly affect the lifetime of the smartphone battery while existing methods based on PoW have a tremendous negative impact. Finally, the main open challenges and future investigation directions are outlined.
Kokoelmat
- TUNICRIS-julkaisut [16983]