Positioning in Underground Mines
Zaman, Aika (2020)
Zaman, Aika
2020
Degree Programme in Information Technology, MSc (Tech)
Informaatioteknologian ja viestinnän tiedekunta - Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences
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Hyväksymispäivämäärä
2020-05-22
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202004243740
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202004243740
Tiivistelmä
Safety of mine workers is the top priority in the mining industry. And in order to do that knowing the last position of the miners is very important. In a case of disaster, this increases the possibility of saving higher amounts of lives while keeping the casualties at bay. Also as the world population is growing so is the need for natural resources which is why in order to get better resources out of the mines, it has become very important to locate the extracts and collect them efficiently without it being too expensive. As more resources are being extracted from the mines, a scarcity is being faced; which is where automated operation in mines comes in to play. Using automated operations can be both easier and more economic and can also help reach the resources that are buried even deeper inside. And in order to get mines automated positioning plays a vital role.
Mines can mainly be of four different kinds but in this thesis we focus on positioning in underground mines. This thesis also focuses on reviewing different problems faced in under-ground mines while positioning. In this thesis we study different signal propagation characteris-tics and their models while also studying about the measurements that are needed to be taken for positioning, such as- ToD, ToA, AoA, RTT etc. We also discuss how positioning is done after collecting these measurements.
In the later parts of the thesis we discuss different types of positioning systems, namely: outdoor vs. indoor, active vs. passive, centralized vs. distributed etc. We discussed about different technologies and whether or not they are suitable for underground positioning. After that we have a brief compilation of different types of positioning technologies available in the market.
This thesis also studies 5G and the positioning requirements through 5G while also discussing different components of 5G technology. And in the end we study UWB technology, the various applications of UWB technologies and then we did a practical experiment on how UWB radios work in underground environments vs. above ground environments. According to the ex-periment, the radios provide good SNR value in both scenarios while also providing range information that is quite accurate.
Mines can mainly be of four different kinds but in this thesis we focus on positioning in underground mines. This thesis also focuses on reviewing different problems faced in under-ground mines while positioning. In this thesis we study different signal propagation characteris-tics and their models while also studying about the measurements that are needed to be taken for positioning, such as- ToD, ToA, AoA, RTT etc. We also discuss how positioning is done after collecting these measurements.
In the later parts of the thesis we discuss different types of positioning systems, namely: outdoor vs. indoor, active vs. passive, centralized vs. distributed etc. We discussed about different technologies and whether or not they are suitable for underground positioning. After that we have a brief compilation of different types of positioning technologies available in the market.
This thesis also studies 5G and the positioning requirements through 5G while also discussing different components of 5G technology. And in the end we study UWB technology, the various applications of UWB technologies and then we did a practical experiment on how UWB radios work in underground environments vs. above ground environments. According to the ex-periment, the radios provide good SNR value in both scenarios while also providing range information that is quite accurate.