The Effect of Different Face Stock Materials on Migration Profile of Printing Inks
Marjamäki, Santeri (2018)
Marjamäki, Santeri
2018
Materiaalitekniikka
Teknisten tieteiden tiedekunta - Faculty of Engineering Sciences
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Hyväksymispäivämäärä
2018-06-06
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tty-201805221784
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tty-201805221784
Tiivistelmä
The aim of this thesis was to study the migration of the components of UV curing ink through different label face stock materials. Another goal was to find a correlation between the migration of components and permeability properties of materials. Three different critical components were scanned in the migration tests: photoinitiators, acrylate monomers and primary aromatic amines.
Samples consisted of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide films of different thicknesses. The gas and grease permeability of the materials and the migration of ink components were tested and compared. The permeability tests for the materials consisted of water vapor, oxygen, carbon dioxide and olive oil transmission rate. The migration of ink components was studied using migration cells for sample preparation. Iso-octane, ethanol 95% and acetic acid 3% were used as simulants. Gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to single out individual migrants and the total amount migrated.
The migrated components consisted of photoinitiators and primary aromatic amines. Face stock materials most prone to migration were polyethylene and polypropylene. The photoinitiators detected in the chromatographic tests were: methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 2-carboxybenzophenone, ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate, 2-ethylhexyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, 2-methyl-4'-(methylthio)-2-morpholinopropriophenone, and 2,4-diethyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one. Little to no migration occurred through polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide. The results indicate that a polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of at least 23 µm could act as a barrier for photoinitiator, acrylate and primary aromatic amine migration.
Physicochemical properties of photoinitiators can vary greatly. Substances have different polarity, lipophilicity and molecular mass. However, to a certain degree, the photoinitiator migration results have correlation with the permeability results. The non-polar gases of oxygen and carbon dioxide have similar behaviour as the non-polar or low polar photoinitiators with lipophilic nature. The results suggest that materials with high oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability are more prone to suffer from migration of non-polar lipophilic photoinitiators.
Samples consisted of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide films of different thicknesses. The gas and grease permeability of the materials and the migration of ink components were tested and compared. The permeability tests for the materials consisted of water vapor, oxygen, carbon dioxide and olive oil transmission rate. The migration of ink components was studied using migration cells for sample preparation. Iso-octane, ethanol 95% and acetic acid 3% were used as simulants. Gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to single out individual migrants and the total amount migrated.
The migrated components consisted of photoinitiators and primary aromatic amines. Face stock materials most prone to migration were polyethylene and polypropylene. The photoinitiators detected in the chromatographic tests were: methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 2-carboxybenzophenone, ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate, 2-ethylhexyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, 2-methyl-4'-(methylthio)-2-morpholinopropriophenone, and 2,4-diethyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one. Little to no migration occurred through polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide. The results indicate that a polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of at least 23 µm could act as a barrier for photoinitiator, acrylate and primary aromatic amine migration.
Physicochemical properties of photoinitiators can vary greatly. Substances have different polarity, lipophilicity and molecular mass. However, to a certain degree, the photoinitiator migration results have correlation with the permeability results. The non-polar gases of oxygen and carbon dioxide have similar behaviour as the non-polar or low polar photoinitiators with lipophilic nature. The results suggest that materials with high oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability are more prone to suffer from migration of non-polar lipophilic photoinitiators.