Room-Temperature Micropillar Growth of Lithium–Titanate–Carbon Composite Structures by Self-Biased Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering for Lithium Ion Microbatteries

No Thumbnail Available
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Date
2019-10-17
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
Series
Advanced Functional Materials, articlenumber 1904306
Abstract
Here, an unidentified type of micropillar growth is described at room temperature during conventional direct-current magnetron sputtering (DC-MS) deposition from a Li4Ti5O12+graphite sputter target under negative substrate bias and high operating pressure. These fabricated carbon–Li2O–TiO2 microstructures consisting of various Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3/Lix TiO2 crystalline phases are demonstrated as an anode material in Li-ion microbatteries. The described micropillar fabrication method is a low-cost, substrate independent, single-step, room-temperature vacuum process utilizing a mature industrial complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible technology. Furthermore, tentative consideration is given to the effects of selected deposition parameters and the growth process, as based on extensive physical and chemical characterization. Additional studies are, however, required to understand the exact processes and interactions that form the micropillars. If this facile method is further extended to other similar metal oxide–carbon systems, it could offer alternative low-cost fabrication routes for microporous high-surface area materials in electrochemistry and microelectronics.
Description
Keywords
amorphous carbons, batteries, lithium titanates, microstructures, porous materials
Other note
Citation
Etula, J, Lahtinen, K, Wester, N, Iyer, A, Arstila, K, Sajavaara, T, Kallio, T, Helmersson, U & Koskinen, J 2019, ' Room-Temperature Micropillar Growth of Lithium–Titanate–Carbon Composite Structures by Self-Biased Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering for Lithium Ion Microbatteries ', Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 29, no. 42, 1904306 . https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201904306