Energy recovery possibilities from municipal solid waste in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Asgedom, Aron (2017)
Diplomityö
Asgedom, Aron
2017
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe201801242223
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe201801242223
Tiivistelmä
This Thesis analyses the challenges on MSW management faced by the Addis Ababa city and forwards possible recommendations. The population of Addis Ababa is increasing from time to time and the city is showing impressive economic growth trends as well. With this population increase and economic growth, the municipal solid waste of the city is highly increasing. The way municipal solid waste of Addis Ababa currently managed is becoming challenging with a big landfill laid in 33 hectares of land for the last fifty years. The disposal system is rough and exposed which hauls the trashes using vehicle, spreads and levels using bulldozers and compacts using compressor. The Reppi (Koshe) dumping area is on full, enclosed by residential zones, nuisance and health risk for people proximate, has no fence and in general poor municipal solid waste management system. This challenge in turn prompts to look for different alternatives to manage the MSW with consideration to the environment. One of the alternatives to manage this waste is to look for energy recovery possibilities from municipal solid waste in Addis Ababa.
With the objective of solving this challenge of municipal solid waste management, relevant literature is reviewed, and three different scenarios are made for future situation which estimates the potential of energy (electricity) recovery to reduce the quantity of MSW in Addis Ababa. Scenario 1 analysed “Biological and Mechanical Treatment (BMT) of MSW” which is a combination of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and anaerobic digestion (AD) with potential of 11.76 MW and 9.80MW electricity respectively. Scenario 2 “Mass incineration in grate fired furnace” produced a potential energy of 37.41 MW electricity. Scenario 3 “Landfill gas production from MSW” produced an estimated energy potential of 1.12 MW electricity.
As a result of the evaluation and analysis of these scenarios, mass incineration in grate fired furnace (scenario 2) offered the highest potential energy of 37.41 MW electricity of the three scenarios. Mechanical and biological (MBT), scenario 2, which is a combination of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and anaerobic digestion (AD) has the second highest potential energy of 21.56 MW of electricity of the three scenarios for the city. Finally, Landfill gas production from MSW (scenario 3) has the least (1.12 MW) potential energy of the three scenarios. Therefore, considering the result of the scenarios and the literature review, the study has recommended scenario 2 and scenario 1 in their order for implementation for the Addis Ababa city to solve the challenges of municipal solid waste.
With the objective of solving this challenge of municipal solid waste management, relevant literature is reviewed, and three different scenarios are made for future situation which estimates the potential of energy (electricity) recovery to reduce the quantity of MSW in Addis Ababa. Scenario 1 analysed “Biological and Mechanical Treatment (BMT) of MSW” which is a combination of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and anaerobic digestion (AD) with potential of 11.76 MW and 9.80MW electricity respectively. Scenario 2 “Mass incineration in grate fired furnace” produced a potential energy of 37.41 MW electricity. Scenario 3 “Landfill gas production from MSW” produced an estimated energy potential of 1.12 MW electricity.
As a result of the evaluation and analysis of these scenarios, mass incineration in grate fired furnace (scenario 2) offered the highest potential energy of 37.41 MW electricity of the three scenarios. Mechanical and biological (MBT), scenario 2, which is a combination of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and anaerobic digestion (AD) has the second highest potential energy of 21.56 MW of electricity of the three scenarios for the city. Finally, Landfill gas production from MSW (scenario 3) has the least (1.12 MW) potential energy of the three scenarios. Therefore, considering the result of the scenarios and the literature review, the study has recommended scenario 2 and scenario 1 in their order for implementation for the Addis Ababa city to solve the challenges of municipal solid waste.