24 folios. 22.5-23 x 32-36 cm. 1 column, 11 lines. Dark, faded, or otherwise partly or entirely damaged ff: 1", 2, 3', 5', 6, 7', 9, 10", 11", 12, 15', f&, 17", 20', 2 V and 24". Bif. 23/24 has been pressed smooth, fi. 10 was cleaned in 1990.
Ca. 1460-1475. Large initials: 1) red (vermilion), and 2) deep blue. Small initials highlighted with red. Script and notation is workmanlike and written in a balanced order. Quadratic notation on a red four-line staff (16.5-17 mm, ruled with a rastrum), custos, linea, b rotundum, b quadratum. The foliation runs in "opening signatures": red small letter in the middle of the head on the v side, and a red roman numeral in the same manner on the r side. Photograph ofifi. 16" on p. 176.
Numbering ofi the folios by means ofi opening signatures seems not to be an infrequent practice in late medieval codices as well as in early printed books, see Antiphoners Nos. 34, 157, 170 and 173. In this system the verso and the recto of the opened book, i.e. the whole opening, was marked with a two-partite signature which consisted of a letter (on the lefthand page) and a roman numeral (on the right-hand page), like I iv. Thus the pages of the opening were I iv1' and I iv'. According to the more common usage this kind of signature was associated until one folio, I representing the gathering or quire, iv the number of the leaf. Cf. Brown 1994 p. 105.
Bears a strong stylistic resemblance to Antiphoner No. 157, see the comment accompanying the description of Antiphoner No. 173.
ANTIPHONARIUM, Dominicanum-Aboense, see the review accompanying the description of Antiphoner No. 173.
In No. 156 there is no observance for the feast patronorum regni. On this ground the terminus ante quern may reasonably be put in the mid-1470s. Milveden 1963 p. 26, Maliniemi 1957 p. 29, Helander 1989 pp. 113-115.
The office of St.Ann (in Finland on the 15th of December) is placed at a later date than that of St. Bridget (7 th of October). Thus, in calendaric sequence, it would fall beyond the normal end of the church year. The fact behind this apparent anomaly might be the new tradition of copying this office, see the comment accompanying the description of Antiphoner No. 33. It is also worth noting that the manuscript ignores the offices for St. Helen of Skövde (31st ofjuly) and for St. Dominic (5th of August) between those of St. Olaf (29th ofjuly) and St. Lawrence (10th of August).
Nor does Antiphoner No. 157 (Dominicanum-Aboense) include an office for St. Helen. It appears, however, in certain manuscripts used or produced in Finland in the 15th century and in the beginning of the 16th. Apart from these it is met in Antiphoner No. 126, the origin of which is possibly Finnish and which may have been produced in the 14th century. -At least three sources of the St. Helen mass are datable to the latter part of the 14th century (HUL F.m. I No. 145 f. 26", F.m. II No. 44 f. 28"", and F.m. II No. 94 f. 6'""). Malin 1925 p. 82 presents a complementary note (simplex) in a calendar (Dominicanum-Aboense), supposedly from the second third of the 14th century.
The earliest documentary source assigning the exact date of celebration of St. Helen in Finland is from 1396. The source in question is a letter of indulgence, granted by the archbishop of Uppsala and preserved in the Cathedral copybook of Abo, or "The Black Book". Registrum ecclesiacAboeusis 1952 p. 182, see also p. 181. It is thus undeniable that the saint was adopted in the calendar of the see and was officially venerated from that decade. During the initial stage of the cult her office seems to have consisted mainly of common texts and chants for saints. This is implied by a low liturgical rank (simplex) in surviving calendars, Malin 1925 pp. 162-163. However, as late as the mid-15th century, or even at the end of the century, manuscripts do not always include proper items for St. Helen, like antiphoner TMA Ttkad Gu 1:3, or hymnary HUL Cö I 5 appendix, cf. Antiphoner No. 126. We take them as a sign of instability, or poor resources for singing an office in smaller parish churches.There is a good reason to notice that even in the late Middle Ages dating a document or a letter on the 31st ofjune could have been derived from the feast of St. Olaf (29th ofjune). For instance, in 1510: "odenssdagen näst effter s. Oloffz dagh", Finlands medeltidsurkunder VII 1933 No. 5467. Not until 1481 (Bidrag till Finlands historia 11881-1883 p. 104) do Finnish documentary sources refer regularly to St. Helen at an appropriate place. A letter by bishop Magnus II, written in Abo in 1429, was bound to St. Germanus, the original saint of the day, Finlands medeltidsurkunder II1915 No. 1900. - St. Germanus occurs on the 31st ofjuly in the calendar of the printed Missale Aboense. while St. Helen is ignored. Missale Aboense 1488 p. 9.
Malin 1925 p. 226 writes that St. Helen appears "regelmässig in den Quellen der zweiten Hälfte des 15.Jahrhunderts".
This makes it obvious that from the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries a proper office, allegedly written by bishop Brynolphus of Skara (Milveden 1972 (a) p. 43: the real author was a certain Petrus Laurentij,see the review accompanying the description of Antiphoner No. 36), was sung for St. Helen in Abo cathedral, notwithstanding that her cult achieved an established position throughout the diocese no earlier than the last decade of the 15th century.The date receives further corroboration in a codex with a mass by an additional hand, i.e. HUL Cö IV 9 (from Oripää church, without notation).
Ff. 1 (= [g] viij' - g [ix]") |Sanctissimae trinitatis] beginning with the first word of the psalm antiphon at II vespers, [Glo]ria tibi trinitas (ta); Officium noue solemnitatis corporis xpisti ending mor[tis] of the 1st ant. of the I nocturn. Friiciiim salutiferum. Ff. 2 (= [h] viij' - h [ix]") [Petri et Pauli apostolorum] beginning [pec]catorum, the closing word of the 2nd ant. of the I noct., [Ait Petrus principibus], and ending in the 3rd resp. of the same nocturn, Cornelius centurio I' Cum orasset. Ff. 3-4 (= [i] iij' - i [v[") [Visitationis Mariae] beginning |.\/<?n']<; spes of the ant. ad Magnificat at I vespers, [O mater omnis], and ending elyza[beth] of the 2nd resp. of the II noct., Postquam Analecta hymnica XXI \' 1896 No. 36. Ff. 5-7 (= [i] vjr - i [ix]") [Idem] continuing \col[laudando, the closing word of the 1st resp. of the III noct., [Dum virgoflexis V Mi filt]; Sancte marie magdalene ending resurgens of the 2nd resp. of the I noct., Hec est illa V Hec. E 8 (= [k] ijr - k [iij]") [Idem] continuing ihesu of the 2nd ant. at lauds, [Haec conic compuncta]; Sancti iacobi ending intercede] of the psalm antiphon at I vespers, O beate iacobc. Ff. 9-11 (= [k]1'r - k [viij]") [Olavi regis et martyris] beginning ut laborum of 2nd resp. of the III noct., [Egregius martyr] V In ammiracioue; Sancti laurencij martyris ending post of the 3rd resp. of the I noct., Noli me V Nos quasi. F. 12 (= [k] ixr - k [x]") [Idem] continuing with the 3rd resp. of the II noct., Beatus laurendus V Gaudeo, and ending deo in of the 2nd resp. of the III noct., Gaudeo plane V Ego.
Ff. 13-16 (= [1] iiijr- [1 viij]") [Assumptionis Mariae] beginning ilia preclara of the ant. ad Magnificat at I vespers, [Ascendit Christus super], and ending assumpta, the third word of the 2nd ant. at lauds, Maria virgo. F. 17 [Nativitatis Mariae] beginning [Pa]tri et of the doxology of the 3rd resp. of the II noct., [Ad uiitiim V Ut vitium], and ending ec [clesias], the closing word of the 2nd ant. at lauds, Natiuitas est hodie. Ff. 18-21 (= [m] iiij'- m [viij]") [Michaelis archangeli] beginning meruisti of the 3rd resp. of the I noct., [Hie est Michael VArchangele]; De sancta birgitta ending timen[do] of the ant. ad Magnificat at I vespers, Ministrans pauperibus. Analecta hymnica XXV1897 No. 57.
Ff. 22-23 (= [m x]' - n [ij]") [Idem] continuing dum humilis of the 2nd resp. of the II noct., [Ancillae ministerium] I'Cibauit, and ending in the 5th ant. at lauds, Marie partus seriem, only the differentia is lacking.
F. 24 (= [n] x'- o [j]"] [De sancta Anna] beginning with the differentia of the 2nd ant. of the II noct., and ending in the first word of the 1st resp. of the III noct., Sydus [Anna tres].«®" Analecta hymnica V 1889 No. 38.
Two headlines on ff. 1 and 16.
F. 1" 6692 "Mantals Fortaringz Loningz ochVtspisningz Register wedh Ny Slott Pro Anno 1603". An earlier headline has been erased.
F. 2" "Peer Hemingsons Rackenskap For Wijborgs Slatt For Ahr 1604". F. 3' 5817"Manttals Book affMola.Nykirckio och Kiuenebb Sochner medh Kauckaierfffierdungh saniptt Odes Lengden och Quittentier Pro Anno 1602:" F. 4' 5816 "Erick Braskens Reckenskapp For Ahrlige Rettan (sic) aff Eorrapa haredh pro Anno 1602". "Register-2"."[...] 1604"."1602. Nro 12." F. 5' 5893 "Peer Hemnnngsons Reckenskap For Opbordh och [...] Wedh Wiborgz Slot Sampt for Ahrswexten [...] der vnder Ifra Jahannj [...] 1608 till Jahanni Ahr 1609/ och [...] Ahr etc 1608". "Finland 1608 No 1". Cf. Antiphoner No. 193 f. 5". F. 6' 5828 "Erick Braskens Reckenskapp For Ahrlige Renttan AffEwrapa haredh sampt [...] Pro Anno 1603.""F6rh6rdt affChristier Hieronimissonn Cammar[...] in Decembris manat anno 1604." "Finland 1603 No 11". F. 7' 5845 "Bertill Henderssons Reckenskap For Mola. Kiwenebb och Nykyrkie Sochner medh Kaukierfui fierdungh vdj Eurepa Haredh For Ahr etc 1604.""Ofuerseet aff Cammar[...] Erland Biorssonn [?] Nils Anderssonn in January manat [...] 1605"."F6rhordt aff Christierr Hieronimisson Cammar[...] anno 1603" (sic)."Finland 1604 No 8". F. 8' 155 b "Hindrich Jonszons Rachning For Guarnisonen vvthj Wyborgh Pro Anno 1603 och 1604." F. 9' 2423 "Arlige Rantan, Sachores.Tiende Langden, ItemVtspisningz, Fortarningz och Mantals Register, sampt Copiers och Quittentie Register, Aff Nedre Satagunden och Biorneborgz Gardh Pro Anno etc 1593. HerVti finnes och Loningz Register". F. 10'"Wanitatum wanitas omnia sunt wana".The words may refer to a cantio (Piae cantiones 1967 p. 141), or an aphorism from the 01dTestament."Gud ware oss allom will [...]". Opening words of a Lutheran chorale ? F. 10" 2424 "Michel [?] Henricsons Racken [...["."Finland 1594 No 8". Mikael Henriksson was bailiff of Nedre Satakunda in 1591-1594. Almquist 1919-1922 p. 436. F. 11" 2422 "Michill Henrichsons Reckenskap for Arlighe Rentan Garden och Tiendenn sampt fbrtaringenn wedh Biorneborgz Gardh I Nedre sattegundenVdi Cumo Gardz Lann For [...] 1593." "Register -2". "Finland 1593 No 7". F. 12" "Rechningh". F. 13' 5829 "Manttals Book aff Mola, Nykirckie och Kiuenebb Sochner, medh Kaukaierff herding sampt Odes langdh och Quittentier fbr Anno etc 1603." F. 14' 5846 "Skatte och Mantals Bock Pa Ahrlige Renttan aff Ewrapa haredh Pro anno 1604". See Antiphoner No. 170 f. 2'. F. 15' 5834 "Mantals Fortaringz Monadz och Wtspisningz Lengder, Item Copier och quitentier ForWyborgz Slott Pro Anno etc 1604". F. 16"'Mans Affwins Rekenskap Forjeskis och Rakolax pro Ahr etc 1602". F. 16" 5814 "Mans Afwines Rekenskap Forjeskis och Rakolax [...] Ahr 1602". "Reg -2". F. 17' The headline has been erased and is nearly invisible. F. 18' 5819 "Mantals Loningz Fortaringz Vtspisningz Och [...] Register wedh Wyboorgz Slott Pro Anno etc 1603." F. 19' 5840 "Skatte bocken affWijborgz Strand haredh [...] Tiende Lengden Quitentieren och Befalningz BreffPro anno 1604". "N: 11 R: 2/2". F. 20" 5812 "Knut Anderssons Reckenskap For Lapwes ochTaipal Sochnar Ahr etc 1602"."Finland 1602. No 18 [?]". F. 21'5818 "Carll Larsons Reckenskap For Opbordh och Vtgifft vedh Wyborgz Slott Sampt medh [...] Ladegarder Anno etc 1603". "Joen Marthenson [...] January Ahr etc 1605". "Finland 1603 No 16".
F. 22 No records. F. 24" 1488 "Jacob Simonsons Rackenskap For Arliga Ranttan Tiendenn Kasth och Krigz folcks Carder aff Masko och Wemo Haredher I Nor Findlandh Pro Anno etc 1588." "Register -4". "Finland 1588 No 1".
Lit.: Taitto 1994 (b) pp. 364-365 (e.g. b/w reproduction off. 11').
ORIGIN: Probably Nådendal (Taitto 1998); Diocese of Åbo, probably Nådendal (Keskiaho 2010). OTHER NOTES: From same codex: Turku, Turun maakunta-arkisto, Ms. c (1 fol., uncatalogued; see also F.m. IV.157) and MPO Codex 1505 suggested (see also F.m. IV.157; Stockholm, Riksarkivet: Kammararkivet Fr 8994 Beställningsregister 3:1 1594; Fr 10370 Finska Cameralia 48:7 1610; Fr 10406 Finska cameralia 71:2 1608; Fr 10407 Finska cameralia 71:3 1612; Fr 10437 Grev- och friherreskap 4 Kajana 1650; 5 fr., 5 fol.). See also F.m. II.90, II.115, II.117, II.118, II.120, II.121, III.180, IV.138, IV.157, IV.160, IV.170, IV.173, VII.65, VII.78, VII.132; Helsinki, National Library, Codex Aö.II.55 & Aö.II.29 fol. "b IV - b VIII"; Helsinki, Finnish Literature Society, The Literary Archives, uncatalogued fragments "a", "b"; Turku, Turun maakunta-arkisto Ms. b (= F.m. II.120); CCM Ant 99 (= F.m. IV.157), Ant 140 (= F.m. IV.160), CCM Gr 16 (= F.m. II.118), CCM Hy 49 (see F.m. IV.173), CCM Sequ 186 (see F.m. II.118), MPO Codex 1160 (Kammararkivet Fr 7856 Varuhus och handling 57:2 Stockholm 1607; Fr 8259 Baltiska fogderäkenskaper 111:2 F 390 Pernau 1605; 2 fr., 4 fol.), MPO Codex 1505 (= F.m. IV.157), MPO Fr 1385 (= F.m. IV.157).