Improving the design of cellular networks beyond 5G for smart grids
Carrillo Melgarejo, Dick (2023-09-22)
Väitöskirja
Carrillo Melgarejo, Dick
22.09.2023
Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT
Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis
School of Energy Systems
School of Energy Systems, Sähkötekniikka
Kaikki oikeudet pidätetään.
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In reference to IEEE copyrighted material which is used with permission in this thesis, the IEEE does not endorse any of Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. If interested in reprinting/republishing IEEE copyrighted material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution, please go to http://www.ieee.org/publications_ standards/publications/rights/rights_link.html to learn how to obtain a License from RightsLink.
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-335-964-2
https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-335-964-2
Tiivistelmä
In the last decade, wireless technologies have emerged to support vertical applications. For instance, many wireless communication technologies are becoming key enablers of specialized smart grid applications. However, critical applications are still in the evaluation phase, and they are not deployed commercially yet. At present, 5th generation of mobile network (5G) is not yet capable of enabling critical applications that require a low latency and a high reliability. Bridging this gap is the main target of the present doctoral dissertation.
The doctoral dissertation considers the standard International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61850 as a reference benchmark. This standard defines the foundation of a widely used protocol in smart grid applications, which is currently deployed mostly in wired networks.
To enable the application of the standard IEC 61850, the wireless communication interface should meet certain requirements. These requirements define specialized key performance indicators (KPIs) on latency, throughput, and reliability. As the complexity of functionalities to support the IEC 61850 KPIs goes beyond the current 5G design, a generic framework is proposed to enable and facilitate the identification, design, and integration of wireless cellular networks with the protocol IEC 61850.
The umbrella defined by the proposed framework aims to enable the radio access network (RAN) slicing, which is a cellular network functionality adopted recently by the wireless industry to add isolation between services sharing the same radio resource. Under this umbrella, this doctoral dissertation focuses on specialized cellular communication functions at the physical layer (PHY) and media access control (MAC) layer to enable each RAN slice.
In the PHY layer, a mathematical framework is provided to evaluate the generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) waveform without the necessity of longer simulations. Based on this framework, key metrics like bit error rate (BER), sum rate, and outage probability can be derived analytically.
In theMAC layer, a dynamic allocation of RAN slices is proposed using deep-reinforcement learning (DRL) to enable IEC 61850 messages. Here, the performance of the solution is measured based on each service-level agreement (SLA) defined for each RAN slice.
In the final chapter, a summary of the dissertation and other complementary information is provided. The chapter discusses the key outcomes of the study and its potential impact on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard toward 5G-advanced and 6th generation of mobile network (6G). The chapter also highlights the impact of the proposed framework on other industrial verticals, such as mining, oil, and gas industry. Na ultima decada, surgiram tecnologias sem fio para dar suporte a aplicacoes verticais. Por exemplo, muitas destas tecnologias estao se tornando os principais facilitadores de aplicacoes especializadas em redes inteligentes. No entanto, aplicacoes criticas ainda estao em fase de avaliacao e ainda nao foram implantadas comercialmente. Por exemplo, o 5G ainda nao e capaz de habilitar aplicacoes criticas que requerem baixa latencia e alta confiabilidade. Suplir esta necessidade e o principal objetivo da presente dissertacao de doutorado.
Esta dissertacao de doutorado considera a norma IEC 61850 como benchmark de referencia. Este padrao define a base de um protocolo amplamente utilizado em aplicacoes de smart grid, que atualmente e implantado majoritariamente em redes cabeadas.
Para permitir a aplicacao do padrao IEC 61850, o canal de comunicacao sem fio deve atender certos requisitos. Esses requisitos definem indicadores de desempenho especializados como latencia, taxa de transferencia e confiabilidade. Como a complexidade das funcionalidades para suportar o IEC 61850 KPIs vao alem do design atual do 5G, nos propomos uma estrutura generica para permitir e facilitar a identificacao, implementacao e integracao entre as redes celulares sem fio com o padrao IEC 61850.
O guarda-chuva definido pelo framework proposto visa habilitar o RAN slicing, que e uma funcionalidade de rede celular adotada recentemente pela industria sem fio para adicionar isolamento entre servicos que compartilham recursos de radio. Esta dissertacao de doutorado enfoca em funcoes especializadas de comunicacao celular nas camadas PHY e MAC.
Na camada PHY, fornecemos um modelo matematico para avaliar a forma de onda GFDM sem a necessidade de extensas simulacoes. Com base nessa estrutura, as principais metricas, como BER, sum rate e probabilidade de outage, podem ser derivadas analiticamente.
Na camada MAC, propomos uma alocacao dinamica de RAN slicing usando DRL para habilitar mensagens especificas do IEC 61850. Aqui, o desempenho da solucao e medido com base a cada SLA definido para cada RAN slice.
Para resumir, discutimos os principais resultados do estudo e seu potencial impacto no padrao 3GPP visando o 5G-advanced e 6G. Tambem destacamos o impacto da estrutura proposta em outras verticais industriais, como mineracao, petroleo e gas.
The doctoral dissertation considers the standard International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61850 as a reference benchmark. This standard defines the foundation of a widely used protocol in smart grid applications, which is currently deployed mostly in wired networks.
To enable the application of the standard IEC 61850, the wireless communication interface should meet certain requirements. These requirements define specialized key performance indicators (KPIs) on latency, throughput, and reliability. As the complexity of functionalities to support the IEC 61850 KPIs goes beyond the current 5G design, a generic framework is proposed to enable and facilitate the identification, design, and integration of wireless cellular networks with the protocol IEC 61850.
The umbrella defined by the proposed framework aims to enable the radio access network (RAN) slicing, which is a cellular network functionality adopted recently by the wireless industry to add isolation between services sharing the same radio resource. Under this umbrella, this doctoral dissertation focuses on specialized cellular communication functions at the physical layer (PHY) and media access control (MAC) layer to enable each RAN slice.
In the PHY layer, a mathematical framework is provided to evaluate the generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) waveform without the necessity of longer simulations. Based on this framework, key metrics like bit error rate (BER), sum rate, and outage probability can be derived analytically.
In theMAC layer, a dynamic allocation of RAN slices is proposed using deep-reinforcement learning (DRL) to enable IEC 61850 messages. Here, the performance of the solution is measured based on each service-level agreement (SLA) defined for each RAN slice.
In the final chapter, a summary of the dissertation and other complementary information is provided. The chapter discusses the key outcomes of the study and its potential impact on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard toward 5G-advanced and 6th generation of mobile network (6G). The chapter also highlights the impact of the proposed framework on other industrial verticals, such as mining, oil, and gas industry.
Esta dissertacao de doutorado considera a norma IEC 61850 como benchmark de referencia. Este padrao define a base de um protocolo amplamente utilizado em aplicacoes de smart grid, que atualmente e implantado majoritariamente em redes cabeadas.
Para permitir a aplicacao do padrao IEC 61850, o canal de comunicacao sem fio deve atender certos requisitos. Esses requisitos definem indicadores de desempenho especializados como latencia, taxa de transferencia e confiabilidade. Como a complexidade das funcionalidades para suportar o IEC 61850 KPIs vao alem do design atual do 5G, nos propomos uma estrutura generica para permitir e facilitar a identificacao, implementacao e integracao entre as redes celulares sem fio com o padrao IEC 61850.
O guarda-chuva definido pelo framework proposto visa habilitar o RAN slicing, que e uma funcionalidade de rede celular adotada recentemente pela industria sem fio para adicionar isolamento entre servicos que compartilham recursos de radio. Esta dissertacao de doutorado enfoca em funcoes especializadas de comunicacao celular nas camadas PHY e MAC.
Na camada PHY, fornecemos um modelo matematico para avaliar a forma de onda GFDM sem a necessidade de extensas simulacoes. Com base nessa estrutura, as principais metricas, como BER, sum rate e probabilidade de outage, podem ser derivadas analiticamente.
Na camada MAC, propomos uma alocacao dinamica de RAN slicing usando DRL para habilitar mensagens especificas do IEC 61850. Aqui, o desempenho da solucao e medido com base a cada SLA definido para cada RAN slice.
Para resumir, discutimos os principais resultados do estudo e seu potencial impacto no padrao 3GPP visando o 5G-advanced e 6G. Tambem destacamos o impacto da estrutura proposta em outras verticais industriais, como mineracao, petroleo e gas.
Kokoelmat
- Väitöskirjat [1038]