Competition and Disputes in the Patent Life Cycle
Kapoor, Rahul (2017-06-20)
Väitöskirja
Kapoor, Rahul
20.06.2017
Lappeenranta University of Technology
Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-335-087-8
https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-335-087-8
Tiivistelmä
Patents are key assets in the knowledge economy. The past three decades have seen
staggering volumes of patenting as innovators build technologies to gain competitive
advantages. While the patent system aims to encourage innovation, expensive lawsuits
and concentration of innovation can diminish societal welfare.
This dissertation uses public information contained within patent documents to measure
firm competition and explain drivers of patent disputes.
Unlike usually perceived, patents are not one-shot actions. They follow an uncertain life
cycle that takes many years before their acceptance or refusal is known. The methodology
adopted involves scanning patent databases for early stage information that contain signs
of competition and disputes. Typical information analyzed includes pre-grant citations
and actions of patentees (and their rivals).
The results introduce two measures indicating vulnerability and blocking power of patent
portfolios. In addition, drivers of European patent disputes and their resolution are
uncovered based on earlier theories of litigation and settlement. Substantial overlap is
seen among patent portfolios of European wind power firms. Pertaining to patent
disputes, it is shown that patentees and their rivals constantly update their beliefs as new
information is uncovered. Questionable validity of a patent is the biggest impediment to
dispute settlement.
For academics and patent analysts, this dissertation carries out one of the most
comprehensive analyses of European patent citations. Early stage procedural indicators
are validated as determinants of patent value. For practitioners, this is one of the first
studies of European patent litigation and their settlement. The results contribute to the
field of patent statistics and patent value indicators. Various policy implications are drawn
related to the European patent system.
staggering volumes of patenting as innovators build technologies to gain competitive
advantages. While the patent system aims to encourage innovation, expensive lawsuits
and concentration of innovation can diminish societal welfare.
This dissertation uses public information contained within patent documents to measure
firm competition and explain drivers of patent disputes.
Unlike usually perceived, patents are not one-shot actions. They follow an uncertain life
cycle that takes many years before their acceptance or refusal is known. The methodology
adopted involves scanning patent databases for early stage information that contain signs
of competition and disputes. Typical information analyzed includes pre-grant citations
and actions of patentees (and their rivals).
The results introduce two measures indicating vulnerability and blocking power of patent
portfolios. In addition, drivers of European patent disputes and their resolution are
uncovered based on earlier theories of litigation and settlement. Substantial overlap is
seen among patent portfolios of European wind power firms. Pertaining to patent
disputes, it is shown that patentees and their rivals constantly update their beliefs as new
information is uncovered. Questionable validity of a patent is the biggest impediment to
dispute settlement.
For academics and patent analysts, this dissertation carries out one of the most
comprehensive analyses of European patent citations. Early stage procedural indicators
are validated as determinants of patent value. For practitioners, this is one of the first
studies of European patent litigation and their settlement. The results contribute to the
field of patent statistics and patent value indicators. Various policy implications are drawn
related to the European patent system.
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